Rainfed Lowland Rice Cultivation in Bhutan: A Survey Report

AUTHOR: Karma, Mahesh Ghimiray

ABSTRACT

This study reports on the rice cultivation practices under rainfed environment in Bhutan based on a rapid farm survey conducted in 2003. Although rainfed lowland rice system accounts for major portion of rice growing area, it contributes least in terms of production due to uncertainty of irrigation water, soil fertility and pest problems. About 33 traditional or introduced local varieties are cultivated by farmers. Traditional varieties are characteristically white preferred for their taste but are susceptible to diseases. About 17 local varieties are reported to be lost. Mean yield of rough rice is estimated at 680 kg/acre. The rate of adoption of improved varieties is about 44%. Use of chemical fertilizers is limited to 13.2% and tethering is the common practice of manure application. Adoption of the use of herbcides and pesticides is low. Weed, diseases and pests are major problem in rainfed rice ecosystem and estimated to reduce 2-50% of total yield. Vertebrate pest, especially elephant, is a nuisance in rice crop, often destroying the crop completely. Storage losses due to rodents, weevils and grain moth are estimated at 2-50% of total production. Approximately, 97 men-days of labor are required to carry out various cultural operations. An additional labor of 60 men-days per season is spent in guarding the crop against vertebrate pest. Recommendations include evaluation of suitable varieties for the rainfed ecosystem together with component technologies, better soil and pest management and the use of labour-saving technologies.

KEYWORDS:

Rainfed rice, rainfed rice environments, local varieties, pests, storage losses

REFERENCES

RNRRC Bajo, (2001). National Field Crops Research Strategy and Program Ninth Five Year Plan (2002-2007). DRDS, MoA.

Kouffman et al. (1994). Improving Rainfed lowland rice. International Rice Research Institute. Philippines.

Mackhill et al. (1996). Rainfed lowland Rice System. International Rice Research Institute. Philippines.

Shrestra et al, (2003). An Economic Impact Assessment of Rice Research Program in Bhutan. International Rice Research Institute. Philippines.